Syllabus for
MSc (Forensic Science)
Academic Year  (2024)

The evaluation scheme for each course shall contain two parts; (a) internal evaluation and (b) external evaluation. 50% weightage shall be given to the internal evaluation and the remaining 50% to external evaluation and the ratio and weightage between internal and external is 1:1.  (a) Internal evaluation: The internal evaluation shall be based on a predetermined transparent system involving periodic written tests, assignments, seminars, and attendance in respect of theory courses and based on written tests, lab skill/records/viva, and attendance in respect of practical courses.

The Department of Life Sciences aims at developing talented individuals for the prosperity of society. The curriculum is designed in such a way that the students are able to apply the knowledge into practice. The aim of the department is to provide an on-hand training of practical knowledge to meet the demands of the industry and to prepare students for higher studies and research. The interactive method of teaching is to bring about attitudinal changes to future professionals of the industry. Equal importance is also given to practical and theoretical methods of learning apart from experiential and digital modes of learning. Projects form an integral part of the curriculum. Apart from the regular syllabus, the department offers Certificate Courses in gardening and herbal medicine, industry visit, field trips, and visits to places of important biodiversity reserves.

The department seeks to offer its students holistic development and academic excellence to contribute effectively to the research and development of the subject.

Forensic Science is the application of a broad spectrum of sciences to answer questions of interest to a legal system. Forensic science uses all the principles of various branches of science and applies them in experiments to draw an exact conclusion. In M Sc.Forensic Sciences, one needs to study the various principles and theories that are applicable in Forensic science. The duration of Master of Science in Forensic Sciences is two academic years. The syllabus for the course is divided into four semesters and it is career orienting in nature.

Programme Outcome/Programme Learning Goals/Programme Learning Outcome:

PO2: Implement advanced techniques for analysis and examination of crime.

PO3: Design and develop research-based solutions for forensic problems.

PO4: Understand the different crime scenario according to the prevailing legal provisions.

PO5: Apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics, responsibilities and norms of forensic practices.

The objective of this course is to introduce the concept of forensic science, its development and progress over time. It will also familiarize students with the organizational setting and working set up of forensic laboratories. It aims to introduce different techniques used in forensic investigations with the principles involved. The course would apprise students with the basics of forensic photography techniques with management of crime scene in different situations.  

Introduction history and development of forensic science, Laws and Basic principles of  Forensic Science, Need & Scope, Concepts and Significance of Forensic Science, Branches of  forensic science, Forensic Labs in India; Organizational set-up of a Forensic Science Laboratory. The units in a forensic lab; Investigative strategies. Role and responsibilities of  forensic expert at crime scene. Code of conduct, Ethics in Forensic Science,  Expert testimony and eye-witness report

Introduction to tool marks, Toolmark evidence. Classification of toolmarks: compression marks, striated marks, repeated marks, combination of compression and striated marks. Class and individual characteristics of tool marks, Tracing and lifting of marks; Collection, preservation and matching of toolmarks; Photographic examination of tool marks; Forensic importance of toolmarks; Toolmark databases; Types of tool marks: cast, punch, engrave; Methods of 7 obliteration, Principle of Restoration; Method of restoration; Forensic gemmology; Introduction, Background, Identification.  

General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories – Introduction, Scope, Management requirements: Organization, Quality System, Document Control, Review of requests. Audits

Internal Audits; Control of records Corrective and preventive actions, Tenders and contracts, Subcontracting of tests and calibration, Purchasing services and supplies, Service to the clients, Complaints, Laboratory Management, Laboratory information management system, validation and safety equipments

Crime scene investigation, types of crime scene; Indoor, Outdoor, Mobile. protection and  barricading of crime scenes; Documentation, sketching, field notes and photography. Search  for evidence; Different types of evidence; Physical vs. non-physical; Real vs. Demonstrative;  Known vs. Unknown; Individual vs. Class, handling, collection, preservation and  transportation of evidence. Duties of first responder at crime scene, Chain of custody,  Reconstruction of scene of crime. Mobile Forensic Van, Structure of Report writing.

2. Sharma, B.R; Forensic Science in Criminal Investigation & Trials, Universal Publishing Co., New Delhi, 2003

3. James, S.H and Nordby, J.J; Forensic Science- An Introduction to Scientific and Investigative Techniques, CRC Press, USA, 2003.

4. Saferstein; Criminalistics- An Introduction of Forensic Science, Prentice Hall Inc, USA,2007. 

6. Saferstein Richard, Criminalistics: An Introduction to Forensic Science (11th edition), Pearson, 2015.

7. Houck M. Max & Siegel A. Jay, Fundamentals of Forensic Science (3rd edition), Academic Press, 2015.

8. Kumar K., Forensic Ballistics in Criminal Justice (1st edition), Eastern Book Company, 2015.

9. Ramachandran R., Scientific techniques in criminal investigation (2nd edition), Kamal Publishers, 2021.

CIA1: Assignment/test/poster preparation/review writing etc. for 20 marks

CIA2: MID SEMESTER EXAMINATION for 50 marks

CIA3: Assignment/test/poster preparation/review writing etc. for 20 marks

Attendance in class: 10 marks

END SEMSTER EXAMINATION: 5 x 20 marks = 100 marks. Out of five, three questions will have choices.

The objective of this course is to introduce the concept and scope of crime. It will familiarize students with types of crime and its effects as well its prevention. The course would highlight about criminal behavior and related theories. The course aims to discuss the concept of Juvenile delinquency and Victimology. It will disseminate information to students with specific criminal Law, Indian Penal Code: sections, Criminal Procedure Code and police Administration. 

Definition, concept and scope of crime. Concept of criminal, Types of crime. Factors in crime, crime trends among youth, genesis and topology of youth crime, terrorism, sexual offences, effects, control and prevention of crime. latest developments in prevention of crime. Recidivism, Banishment, Dark figures of Crime (Hidden crimes) and Victimization Survey, latest developments in prevention of crime.  

Aim and scope of criminology, Science of crime, Criminal behavior and theories of  criminal behavior: classical, positive, socio, biological, Organized crimes, white collar crime. crime against women, Juvenile delinquency. Role of  correctional institutions. Criminal profiling and modus operandi, portrait parley, Victimology; scope and objectives of victimology, victim topologies. women and crime victimization.  Penology; Nature, meaning and importance of punishment, Theories of punishment,  New alternative forms of punishment 

Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha, bailable/non-bailable offences, cognizable/ non-cognizable,  summon case and warrant cases. Expert testimony.Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita : sections-23, 24,  25,39,40, 44,52,76-79,84-86. 120, 357, 364,377, 391, 395, 399, 400, 402. Applicable sections 2, 6-8, 12, 21, 28, 33, 54, 71. 82, 88. 166, 180. 299, 300, 301, 302,303,304,306, 307,312,313,  314, 315, 316, 319, 320, 354 A, 354 D, 359, 363, 370, 375, 376, 377, Bharatiya Sakshya Sanhita  and sections- 3, 24-30, 44, 45, 46, 47, 135-138, 141. Information technology act, NDPS Act,  Food and Adulteration Act, Drugs and Cosmetic Act, Arms and Explosives Act.

History and development of police administration; Police duties, responsibilities and powers. Organization and structure of police; maintenance of crime records and accountability of police to law. People and society. Limitations on powers, Custodial crimes, Police and Human Rights. Dimensions of police accountability in India.Introduction to NIA, CBI, BPR&D and Interpol.  

2. Gross. H; Criminal Investigation- A Practical Textbook for Magistrates, Police Officers, and Lawyers; Universal Law Publishing Co., New Delhi, 2000.

3. Lyman, M.D; Criminal Investigation – The Art &the Science, Prentice Hall, New Jersey, 2002.

4. Jack Fitzgerald Statistics for Criminal Justice and Criminology in Practice and Research, CRC press, 2013.  

6. The Indian Evidence Act (1872), Amendment Act; Universal Law Publishing Co., 2003.

7. The Code of Criminal Procedure (1973) Amendment Act, (2001); Universal Law Publishing Co., 2002.

8. Rattan Lal & Dhiraj Lal; The Indian Penal Code, 28th Ed. Wadhwa& Co. Nagpur, 2002.

9. Walter S. De Keseredy, Contemporary Critical Criminology, Routledge publisher, 2021.

CIA1: Assignment/test/poster preparation/review writing etc. for 20 marks

CIA2: MID SEMESTER EXAMINATION for 50 marks

CIA3: Assignment/test/poster preparation/review writing etc. for 20 marks

Attendance in class: 10 marks

END SEMSTER EXAMINATION: 5 x 20 marks = 100 marks. Out of five, three questions will have choices.

The objective of this course is to introduce specialized techniques and their application in forensic science. The students will be able to understand the atomic & molecular spectroscopy, physical instrumentation techniques, radiochemical and nuclear techniques, biological and biochemical techniques with their general principles involved as well as their applied aspects.  

Light Microscopy: Basics (Simple and compound, Magnification, Resolution and parts of microscope), Lens and aberrations, Different light microscopy techniques: Bright Field, Dark Field, Phase Contrast, Polarized Light. Comparison, Stereo-Zoom and Fluorescence microscopy techniques. Electron Microscopy: Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Scanning-Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM), Scanning Tunnelling Microscopy (STM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Applications in Forensics 

Basic Concept: Structure, composition and properties of Proteins and Nucleic acid (DNA and RNA), Restriction Endonucleases, Repeat Sequences (STR and VNTR). Gel Electrophoresis: Agarose, Capillary gel electrophoresis, PAGE and SDS-PAGE, 2D Gel Electrophoresis & Iso-Electric Focusing. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), Hybridization (Northern and Southern), and DNA Fingerprinting (RFLP and AFLP) Antibodies: Structure, Types, Western Blot and ELISA, Flow Cytometry, Applications in Forensics

Conventional sources for UV, visible and infrared rays, sources for shorter wavelength radiations (X-ray tubes), radioactivity, Laser (He, Ne Argon, ion, dye lasers, semiconductor-lasers) a source of radiation, interaction of radiation with matter; reflection, absorption, transmission, fluorescence, phosphorescence Colorimetry and Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, Fluorescence Spectrometers/Fluorometers, Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman Spectroscopy, Chemiluminescence spectroscopy. Mass Spectrometry (Ionization Types-CI, FAB, EI, ESI and MALDI, Mass analyzers: Quadrupole, Triple quadrupole and TOF), Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer, Atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES), X-ray based technique (EDX, WDX and XRD), Applications in Forensics  

Chromatography Basics: Types of Chromatography techniques (Column, TLC and Paper; Solid-Liquid, Liquid-Liquid and Gas-Liquid)), Analytical-Semi Preparative and Preparative. Liquid Chromatography: Stationary phases (Adsorption, Ion Exchange, Size Exclusion, Affinity, RP/HIC, Mixed mode), Quality parameters (Resolution, Asymmetry Factor and HETP), Detectors (UV-Vis and Mass), HPLC and UPLC Gas Chromatography: Basics of Instrumentation, Column Properties, Stationary phases (Polar and Non-Polar), Detector (Flame Ionization Detector). Centrifugation: Basics (Principle, RPM & RCF), Types (Differential, Zone, Rate Zonal and Density gradient), Rotors, Scale (Laboratory and Preparative) Applications in Forensics  

2. Stuart H. Barbara, Forensic Analytical Techniques, John Wiley & Sons, 2013.

3. Subrahmanyam, N. &Lal B; A text Book of Optics, S. Chand & Company, New Delhi, 2004.

4. Skoog A. Douglas, Holler James F. & Crouch R. Stanley, Principles of Instrumental Analysis (7th edition), Cengage, 2018

6. Saferstein Richard, Criminalistics: An Introduction to Forensic Science (11th edition), Pearson, 2015

7. David J. Thomas & Lewis M. James, Forensic Odontology Principles and Practice, Mica Haley, 2018. 

CIA1: Assignment/test/poster preparation/review writing etc. for 20 marks

CIA2: MID SEMESTER EXAMINATION for 50 marks

CIA3: Assignment/test/poster preparation/review writing etc. for 20 marks

Attendance in class: 10 marks

END SEMSTER EXAMINATION: 5 x 20 marks = 100 marks. Out of five, three questions will have choices.

The objective of this course is to disseminate the knowledge about various types of forensic documents including genuine, forged and holographic documents. It also aims to discuss the principles of handwriting, its identification, tools needed for forensic document examination & their use in forensic science. The course wild explains the typewritten, printed documents and forgery detection techniques to students. 

Nature and problems of document examination, classification of questioned documents, Specimen/Admitted writings/type writings, handling, preservation of documents, importance of natural variation and causes of natural variation, Disguise writing, characteristics of disguise writing and its examination, various types of forensic documents- genuine and forged documents, holographic documents, tampered documents, principles of handwriting identification, basic tools needed for Forensic Document Examination & their use in analysis of paper and inks, TLC, LC, Video spectral comparator, ESDA.  

General characteristics of handwriting; class and individual characteristics, Various writing features and their estimation, ethnic and gender variability of handwriting, Forgery, various types of forgeries and their identical characteristics, identification of forger, examination of signatures – characteristics of genuine and forged signatures, identification of writer of anonymous letters, application of Forensic Stylistics/Linguistics in the identification of writer, examination of built-up documents and determination of sequence of strokes. 

Type writers and their individuality, Identification of typescripts-identification of typist, various types of printing processes, identification of printed matter including printing of security documents and currency notes, identification of electronic typewriters, dot matrix, inkjet and laser jet printers, examination of black and white and color photocopies, scanned copies, fax messages and carbon copies. Indian passport/visas, 

Determination of age of documents, paper, ink etc., Examination of alterations, erasures, over writings, additions and obliterations, document analysis for decipherment of obliterated and secret writings, charred documents and indentation marks, examination of seal, rubber and other mechanical impressions, examination of counterfeit currency notes, stamp papers, postal stamps, examination of fake credit cards, e-documents, digital signatures, preliminary examination of documents, various computerized approach in documents examination; Cedar, LDMS  

2. Sharma R. B., Firearms in Criminal investigation & Trial (5th edition), Universal Law Publishing, 2017.

3. Houck M. Max & Siegel A. Jay, Fundamentals of Forensic Science (3rd edition), Academic Press, 2015.

4. Lewis A. Jane, Forensic Document Examination: Fundamentals and current trends, Academic Press, 2014.  

6. Morris, R.N; Forensic Handwriting Identification, Academy Press, London, 2001.

7. Saferstein Richard, Criminalistics: An Introduction to Forensic Science (11th edition), Pearson, 2015

8. Lerinson, J; Questioned Documents, Academy Press, London, 2001.

9. Katherine, M. K; CDE-Forensic Document Examination-Humana Press, New Jersey, 2007. 

CIA1: Assignment/test/poster preparation/review writing etc. for 20 marks

CIA2: MID SEMESTER EXAMINATION for 50 marks

CIA3: Assignment/test/poster preparation/review writing etc. for 20 marks

Attendance in class: 10 marks

END SEMSTER EXAMINATION: 5 x 20 marks = 100 marks. Out of five, three questions will have choices.

This coursewill help to understand the theoretical basis of conducting research and basic concepts, To design research problem, research process, Understanding the importance of research paper, dissertation and projects, To impart knowledge regarding the ethics in research.

Basic concepts of research -Meaning, Objectives, Motivation and Approaches. Types of Research (Descriptive/Analytical, Applied/ Fundamental, Quantitative/Qualitative, Conceptual/ Empirical); Research formulation -Observation and Facts, Prediction and explanation, Induction, Deduction; Defining and formulating the research problem, Selecting the problem and necessity of defining the problem; Literature review -Importance of literature reviewing in defining a problem, Critical literature review, Identifying gap areas from literature review; Hypothesis -Null and alternate hypothesis and testing of hypothesis -Theory, Principle.

Research Design -Basic principles, Meaning, Need and features of good design, Important concepts; Types of research designs; Development of a research plan -Exploration, Description, Diagnosis, Experimentation, determining experimental and sample designs, Research process, tools of Data collection; interview, schedule, survey, Questionnaire, Case-Control Studies, Cohort Studies. Scaling process; nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio, significance of scaling in research, Statistics; importance, significance. Measures of central tendency; mean, median, mode. Measures of dispersion; mean deviation, Variance standard deviation. Correlation and types of correlation; Karl Pearson, rank correlation,  

2.       Dawson, C. Practical research methods. UBS Publishers, New Delhi. 2002.

2.       Ruzin, S.E. Plant micro technique and microscopy. Oxford University Press, New York, U.S.A., 2009.

3.       Best, John, W.& Kahn, James. Research in Education, 5th ed., Prentice–Hall of India Pvt Ltd: New Delhi. 2006

The course is designed to provide comprehensive knowledge to the students regarding the general principles of IPR, Concept and Theories, Criticisms of Intellectual Property Rights, International Regime Relating to IPR.

Introduction, A Brief history of IP protection, Rationale for IPR, Types of IPRs, Patents (Origin, Meaning of Patent, Types, Inventions which are not patentable, Registration Procedure, Rights and Duties of Patentee, Assignment and licence, Restoration of lapsed Patents, Surrender and Revocation of Patents, Infringement, Remedies & Penalties, Patents and Agricultural Biotechnology, Patentability criteria, Relevant Case law, Indian Patent Act, 1970, Amendments to Indian Patents Act (2005), Patent drafting, Patent and prior art searches), Copyright (Origin, Definition &Types of Copy Right, Registration procedure, Assignment & licence, Terms of Copy Right, Piracy, Infringement, Remedies, Copy rights with special reference to software), Trademarks (Origin, Meaning & Nature of Trade Marks, Types, Registration of Trade Marks, Infringement & Remedies, Offences relating to Trade Marks, Passing Off, Penalties), Trade Secrets, Plant Variety protection,

Geographical Indications (Acts, Laws and Rules Pertaining to GI. Ownership of GI. Rights Granted to the Holders. Registered GI in India. Identification of Registered GI. Classes of GI. Non-Registerable GI. Protection of GI. Collective or Certification Marks. Enforcement of GI Rights. Procedure for GI Registration Documents Required for GI Registration. GI Ecosystem in India), Farmer’s Rights, Traditional Knowledge, TRIPS, Management of IPR Assets, IP applications and Procedures, Licensing and contracts, Negotiations, Valuation of patents, IPR Enforcement.

2.  G.B. Reddy, Intellectual Property Rights and the Law, Gogia Law Agency.

3.  B.L.Wadehra, Law relating to Intellectual Property, Universal Law Publishing Co.

4.  S.R. Myneni, Law of Intellectual Property, Asian Law House.

2.  B.L. Wadera, Patents, trademarks, copyright, Designs and Geographical Judications.

3.  P. Narayanan (Eastern Law House), Intellectual Property Law

This course will help toDeveloping an understanding and application of Crime Scene Investigation, Develop an understanding on processing of crime scene (searching, sketching and photography of Crime scene (Indoor and Outdoor), Brief description on procedure adopted for collection, preservation and packaging of Physical evidences, Develop an understanding on examination of various types of forensic documents, security documents, collection and preservation of various types of documents.

1. Apply appropriate field-based processing techniques to physical evidence.

2. Collection, handling and preservation of various pieces of evidence (Fingerprints, blood,  saliva, fibers, hairs, etc.).

3. Microscopical examination of various physical evidences recovered from crime scene

4. To perform investigation for a given indoor and outdoor crime scene.

5. Various sketching methods of evidence at indoor, outdoor and Mobile crime scenes.

6. Interpretation of crime scene notes, photos, sketches and reconstruction of crime scene .

7.  Determination of height and direction of impact from Blood spatter analysis.

8. Development of latent fingerprints from various surfaces by physical methods.

9. Development of fingerprints by chemical methods using Iodine/ Ninhydrin/silver nitrate,

10. Comparison and identification of an individual from recorded fingerprints.

11. Collection and preservation of foot wear marks, tyre marks recovered in various locations

12. Examination of bare foot impressions.

13. Gait pattern analysis with respect to height, weight and mental condition.

14. Report writing format for evaluation of a given case study.

1. Identification of Class and Individual Characteristics of Handwriting.

2. Study of natural variations and fundamental divergences in handwriting.

3. Comparison of questioned and admitted handwriting’s samples.

4. Detection of Simulated forgery.

5. Detection of traced forgery.

6. Study of Disguise in handwriting documents.

7. Comparison of Typewritten scripts.

8. Security documents such as passport, driving license, marksheets etc.

9. Examination and identification of counterfeit currency notes. 

10. Care, handling, preservation, marking, packing and forwarding of documents

11. Examination of rubber stamp, seal and other mechanical impressions. 

12. Application of chemical techniques for collection and preservation of charred documents.

13. Forensic examination of plastic currency.

14. Examination of secret writing on documents.

15. Structure of report writing in questioned documents for a given case study.

2. Sharma, B.R; Forensic Science in Criminal Investigation & Trials, Universal Publishing Co., New Delhi, 2003

3. James, S.H and Nordby, J.J; Forensic Science- An Introduction to Scientific and Investigative Techniques, CRC Press, USA, 2003.

4. Saferstein; Criminalistics- An Introduction of Forensic Science, Prentice Hall Inc, USA,2007

6. Saferstein Richard, Criminalistics: An Introduction to Forensic Science (11^th edition), Pearson, 2015.

7. Houck M. Max & Siegel A. Jay, Fundamentals of Forensic Science (3^rd edition), Academic Press, 2015.

8. Kumar K., Forensic Ballistics in Criminal Justice (1^st edition), Eastern Book Company, 2015.

9. Ramachandran R., Scientific techniques in criminal investigation (2^nd edition), Kamal Publishers, 2021.

●     CIA 1: 10%

●     CIA 2 (Mid Semester Examination): 25% (50 marks)

●     CIA 3: 10%

●     Attendance: 5%

CIA total: 50%

End Semester examination: 50% (100 marks)

In the present case study, the manner of death (suicide or homicide) was identified in the death scene of crime itself through available physical evidence. As per IO a lady left the house receiving a call on her cell phone. Since she did not return home till late evening, Subsequently, a missing report was lodged in the local police station. At night, on the same day, the dead body of the missing lady was found lying in a room of a hotel. We have been called by the IO for the scientific add. We have visited and given the direction to the IO based on our observations; the case was solved at the spot of occurrence (SO). The room was opened forcefully, and at the time of entry the floor of the room was smeared with blood drops and some partial foot impressions. One Bottle, an empty glass and bag with tools was found on the tea table. Some blood drops were also present on the bag. The lady had an injury near the ear. Perform crime scene investigation.                            (Principle: 3 Marks, Procedure: 4 Marks, Performance and result: 8 Marks) 15 Marks.

1. Determine the height and direction of impact from Blood spatter analysis, Sample A & B. (Principle: 3 Marks, Procedure: 4 Marks, Performance and result: 8 Marks) 15 Marks
2. Examine and identify the type of forgery from the given samples C & D.(Principle: 3 Marks, Procedure: 4 Marks, Performance and result: 8 Marks)                     15 Marks
3. Examine and identify the counterfeit currency from the given samples E & F (Principle: 3 Marks, Procedure: 4 Marks, Performance and result: 8 Marks)                15 Marks
4. Logical questions (5X4)                                                                                             20 Marks
5. Spotters; Identify the given samples and write your opinion on them (5X2 )       10 Marks
6. Viva                                                                                                                             10 Marks

This course will help to developing an understanding and application of spectrophotometric and various microscopes, Develop an understanding on implementation of various chromatographic techniques, Brief description on procedure adopted for scanning and identification of drugs, Develop an understanding on examination of software-based method and various analytical instruments.

1.      Spectrophotometric/Colorimetric estimation of protein by Lowry’s method

2.      Spectrophotometric/Colorimetric estimation of protein by Bradford method

3.       Light microscopy and measurement of Diatom specimen by micrometry method

4.      Light microscopy and identification of adulteration in plant samples (pharmacognosy)

5.       Thin Layer Chromatography for ink separation

6.      Thin Layer Chromatography for amino acid separation

7.      Study of Chromatogram (GC/LC) and identification of compounds based on standard match

8.      Study and identification of scheduled drug by Mass Spectrometry based method

9.       Spectral scanning and identification of a few scheduled drugs

10.  Counting of Yeast mitochondria cells by hemocytometer

11.  Study of  Enzyme kinetics of catalase enzyme.

12.   Demonstration of ELISA

13.  Estimation of amino acids by Spectrophotometric method

14.  Density gradient centrifugation and isolation of PBMC

15.  Primer Design for PCR, manual and software-based method

16.  Isolation of DNA and agarose gel electrophoresis

17.  Demonstration of SDS PAGE

18.  Demonstration of various analytical instruments:  Microscopy (Phase Contrast, Bright Field, Fluorescence), Chromatography (HPLC, LC-MS  and GC-MS), AAS and FTIR 

2. Stuart H. Barbara, Forensic Analytical Techniques, John Wiley & Sons, 2013.

3. Subrahmanyam, N. &Lal B; A text Book of Optics, S. Chand & Company, New Delhi, 2004.

4. Skoog A. Douglas, Holler James F. & Crouch R. Stanley, Principles of Instrumental Analysis (7th edition), Cengage, 2018 

6. Saferstein Richard, Criminalistics: An Introduction to Forensic Science (11th edition), Pearson, 2015

7. David J. Thomas & Lewis M. James, Forensic Odontology Principles and Practice, Mica Haley, 2018.  

●     CIA 1: 10%

●     CIA 2 (Mid Semester Examination): 25% (50 marks)

●     CIA 3: 10%

●     Attendance: 5%

CIA total: 50%

End Semester examination: 50% (100 marks)

ANALYTICAL INSTRUMENTS AND TECHNIQUES IN FORENSIC SCIENCE LAB (MFS152)

1. Perform ‘Colorimetric estimation of protein by Lowry’s method’/‘’Yeast isolation and count in

haemocytometer’/Estimation of amino acid. 22 marks

(Principle: 5 marks; Procedure: 5 marks; Performance and calculation: 12 marks)

2. Perform ‘TLC experiment, by using Ink samples/amino acid OR Diatom measurement by micrometry OR Density gradient centrifugation for lymphocyte cells’ for 16 marks

(Principle: 4 marks; Procedure: 4 marks; Performance and calculation: 8 marks)

3. Design primers (Forward and Reverse), from the given accession number. Following information should be

provided: Name of the gene, CDS length, length of primer, calculation of the Tm value and GC content (%)

manually. 12 marks

Performance: 6 marks; Result: 6 marks

4. Logical Questions 5 marks X4= 20 marks

5. Spotters: Identify and write points on Principle and applications 5 marks X4= 20 marks

6. Viva 10 marks

The objective of this course is to disseminate the knowledge about forensic examination of various types of biological evidences, morphology of human body. It also aims to discuss the Thanatology, various types of deaths, collection and preservation of viscera. The course will explain about various types of injuries their identification and role to establish the identity of an individual. 

Composition and functions of Blood, Identification of blood stains: Presumptive tests- Benzidine test, Phenolphthalein test, Leucomalachite test, Tetra-Methyl benzidine test and O-Tolidine, Luminol test. Confirmatory testsHaemochromogen test, Haematin test and Haemin test. Typing of blood antigens from dried stains. Latte’s test, Absorption Elution, Absorption Inhibition, Mixed agglutination. Composition and functions of Seminal stains, Identification of seminal stains; Presumptive Tests-Acid Phosphatase Test, Barberios Test and Florence Crystal Test. Confirmatory Test -Sperm Detection. Composition and functions of Saliva, Identification of saliva stains: Starch iodine test, Radial gel diffusion and examination of buccal epithelial cells. Identification of Urine stains: Physical examination, Odor Test, Urea nitrate crystal test and creatinine test. Identification of vomit stains: Detection of Mucus, Free HCL and Endothelial cells. Identification of faecal stains: microscopic detection of undigested food particles, vegetables material and muscle fibers, Urobilinogen Test. Diatoms and Pollen grains, Collection of insects, preservation and shipments of insects, identification and Forensic Significance. Microorganism in biological warfare. Wild Life Forensics, Morphology and biochemistry of Human and Animal Hair and its microscopic examination.

Definition of forensic medicine, cause, manner and characteristics of death. Thanatology- Stages of death. Suspended animation. Determination of time since death, Modes of death. Signs of death and changes following death. Estimation of PM Interval. Entomological evidence and their collection. Deaths due to Asphyxia, Deaths due to fire, electrocution. Starvation, drowning cases, Various Sexual offences and amendment in IPC. 

Injuries –Classification and Medico-legal Aspects. Mechanical Injuries. Firearm Injuries. Thermal Injuries. Explosion Injuries. Electrical Injuries. Atmospheric Lightning. Radiation Injury. Regional Injuries. Traffic Accidents, Medicolegal cases, registration of cases as MLC, Preparation of Medico-legal cases report, Disposal of death cases (legal and non- legal)  

Objectives of Autopsy, Rules for medico-legal Autopsies, Medico-legal versus Hospital Autopsy, Procedure of Autopsy: laboratory procedure, Second Autopsy, obscure Autopsy, Psychological Autopsy, Concept of Virtual autopsy, Micro-radiology and future, Computed Tomography, Preservation of dead bodies, Handling of highly infected bodies, Autopsy report. 

2. Barry, A.J. Fisher; “Techniques of Crime Scene Investigation”, 7th Ed, CRC Press, NY, 2003.

3. David J. Thomas & Lewis M. James, Forensic Odontology Principles and Practice, Mica Haley, 2018.

4. Butler M. John, Fundamentals of Forensic DNA Typing, Academic Press, 2010.

5. Chadha, PV; “Handbook of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology”, Jaypee Brothers, New Delhi, 2004.

7. Jones Richard & James-Payne Jason, Simpson’s Forensic Medicine (14th edition), Taylor & Francis group, 2019.

8. Reddy Narayan S.K., The Synopsis of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology (29th edition), Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers, 2017.

9. Rivers B. David & Dahlem A. Gregory, The Science of Forensic Entomology, Wiley-Blackwell, 2014. 

CIA1: Assignment/test/poster preparation/review writing etc. for 20 marks

CIA2: MID SEMESTER EXAMINATION for 50 marks

CIA3: Assignment/test/poster preparation/review writing etc. for 20 marks

Attendance in class: 10 marks

END SEMSTER EXAMINATION: 5 x 20 marks = 100 marks. Out of five, three questions will have choices.

The objective of this course is to disseminate the knowledge about basic concepts of chemistry, concentration of alcohol and petroleum products. This paper tends to describe various types of poisons, identification of pesticides. This paper will help to understand the concept of drugs, NDPS act, collection and forwarding of drugs. Further, it will make the students to understand the concept of fire, analysis of debris, various types of explosives and discussion on case studies related to explosives.  

Scope & significance of Forensic Chemistry, Types of cases/exhibits received for analysis. Trap Cases: Collection, and Preliminary analysis of evidence in trap cases. Alcoholic Beverages: Types of alcohols, country made liquor, illicit liquor, denatured spirits, Indian made foreign alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages. Dyes: Scope & Significance of dyes in crime investigation, analysis of ink by TLC and UV visible spectrophotometry. Petroleum products and their adulterations: Chemical composition of various fractions of Petroleum Products, Analysis of petrol, kerosene, diesel. 

Forensic Toxicology - History and Pioneers, Scope and Significance. Classification of Poisons based on their mode of action, uses and origin. Action of poisons, Poisons –Types, routes of administration, toxicity, sign and symptoms. Factors affecting the effect of poison, management and medico-legal aspects of poisoning cases. Isolation and purification of poisons, Common Poisoning in India: Pesticides: Different types and their formulations, identification of pesticides, Guidelines for collecting forensic evidences in poisoning cases at crime scene. Importance of Post mortem examination in poisoning cases. Sample preparation for the analysis of poisons in body tissues/fluids and analysis by various instrumental techniques.  

Scope and significance NDPS drugs in forensic science, Classification and characterization of NDPS drugs, Drug Law Enforcement, Search & Seizure, sampling procedure, Forwarding of sample to FSL, Sample preparation for analysis, Preliminary analysis of drugs, quantitative analysis of drugs, instrumental analysis of drugs from hairs, saliva. Reporting of drug cases, Drug abuse, Drug addiction and its problems.  

Fire: Introduction to Fire & Arson, origin of fire, Chemistry of Fire, Firefighting operations, preservation of fire scene, collection of evidences, Seat of fire, cause of fire, motives, Analysis of fire debris, Case studies related to fire and Arson. Explosive and Explosion: Scope & significance of explosive analysis in forensic science, Types of explosives, deflagration and detonation, explosive trains, collection, preservation and forwarding of exhibits, preliminary analysis of explosives. Do‟s and Don‟ts. Case studies related to explosives.  

2. Siegel A. Jay & Mirakovits Kathy, Forensic Science the basic (3rd edition), CRC Press, 2015.

3. Morrison R.T and Boyd R. N.; “Organic Chemistry”, 6th Edition, Prentice Hall, 2003.

4. “Laboratory Procedure Manual: Petroleum Products”, Directorate of Forensic Science, MHA, Govt. of India, 2005.

5. “Working Procedure Manual on Chemistry”, Directorate of Forensic Science MHA Govt. of India, 2005. 

7. Ramachandran R., Scientific techniques in criminal investigation (2nd edition), Kamal Publishers, 2021.

8. “Laboratory Procedure Manual: Forensic Toxicology”, Directorate of Forensic Science, MHA, Govt. of India, 2005.

9. Stuart H. Barbara, Forensic Analytical Techniques, John Wiley & Sons, 2013.

10. Lewis A. Jane, Forensic Document Examination: Fundamentals and current trends, Academic Press, 2014.

11. “Working Procedure Manual- Chemistry, Explosives and Narcotics”, BPR&D, 2000.

12.. Bardale Rajesh, Principles of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers, 2011.

13. Chadha, PV; “Handbook of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology”, Jaypee Brothers, New Delhi, 2004.

14. Modi, JP; “Textbook of Medical Jurisprudence & Toxicology”, N.M. Tripathi Pub, 2001. 

CIA1: Assignment/test/poster preparation/review writing etc. for 20 marks

CIA2: MID SEMESTER EXAMINATION for 50 marks

CIA3: Assignment/test/poster preparation/review writing etc. for 20 marks

Attendance in class: 10 marks

END SEMSTER EXAMINATION: 5 x 20 marks = 100 marks. Out of five, three questions will have choices.

The objective of this course is to disseminate the knowledge about forensic examination of fired cartridge cases, mechanism and very types of ammunition. It also aims to discuss the forensic examination of cartridges cases and gunshot reside. The course will explain about forensic examination of various physical evidences along with speaker identification, recognition and various sources of audio/ video, digital evidences.

History and development of firearms- their classification and characteristics, various components of small arms, smooth bore and rifled firearms, bore and caliber, shotgun barrels, chokes - their degrees and types; different automatic mechanisms used in small arms – blow back, recoil operated and gas operated mechanisms, rifling, class characteristics of rifled bore, purpose of rifling, methods to produce rifling; trigger and firing mechanism, trigger pull, accidental discharge of firearms, country-made firearms, improvised and imitation firearms. Types of ammunition, nomenclature, percussion caps and their types, various priming composition, propellants, types of cartridge cases, their heads, various types of bullets and their compositional aspects. Safety aspects about handling of firearms and ammunition. 

Physical evidence available in crime involving firearms, principles and practice of identification of firearms, class and individual characteristics, various marks on fired cartridge cases and bullets, test firings, techniques of obtaining test materials, comparison microscope and matching of marks on evidence and test exhibits, automated bullet-cartridge identification system – IBIS and NIBIN. Estimation of range of firing: burning, blackening, tattooing, spread of pellets, Walker‟s test. Chemical tests of copper and lead around gunshot holes. Gun-Shot Residue: Gun-Shot Injuries – caused by shotguns, rifles, revolvers, pistols, evaluation of gunshot injuries. Dermal nitrate test, why was it abandoned, mechanism of formation of gunshot residue, various methods of lifting of gunshot residue, griess reagent test, detection of GSR by AAS. Knowledge of Arms Act. 

Formation and types of soil, composition of soil, particle size distribution, microscopic examination, density gradient analysis, interpretation of soil evidence, Types of glass and their composition, Forensic examination of glass fractures, determination of direction of impact: cone fracture, rib marks, hackle marks, color and fluorescence, physical matching, refractive index, and interpretation of glass evidence. Types of paint and their composition, macroscopic and microscopic studies, pigment distribution, micro-chemical analysis, solubility test, density and elemental analysis of paint, pyrolysis chromatographic techniques, IR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. 

Physics of sound: waves and sound, analysis and synthesis of complex waves, Human and non-human utterances. Vocal anatomy, Speech signal processing and pattern recognition – basic factors of sound in speech, acoustic characteristics of speech signal, Vocal Formants, Forensic Voice Identification: analysis and recording of voice samples in trap/sting investigation., Fourier analysis, analysis of audio-video signal for authenticity, Introduction to the techniques of pattern recognition and comparison. Sound Spectrograph, Voice Spectrographic analysis, Computerized Approach

2. Saferstein Richard, Criminalistics: An Introduction to Forensic Science (11th edition), Pearson, 2015

3.Houck M. Max & Siegel A. Jay, Fundamentals of Forensic Science (3rd edition), Academic Press, 2015.

4. Skoog A. Douglas, Holler James F. & Crouch R. Stanley, Principles of Instrumental Analysis (7th edition), Cengage, 2018

6. Kumar K., Forensic Ballistics in Criminal Justice (1st edition), Eastern Book Company, 2015.

7.Sharma R. B., Firearms in Criminal investigation & Trial (5th edition), Universal Law Publishing, 2017.

8. Fifield, F.W. and Kealy, D.; “Principles and practice of Analytical Chemistry”, 5th Edition, Blackwell Science, 2000.

9. Christian, G.D.; “Analytical Chemistry”, 6th Edition., John Wiley, 2004

10. Kealey, D. and Haines, P.J.; “Analytical Chemistry”, Bios Scientific/ Viva Books, 2002.  

CIA1: Assignment/test/poster preparation/review writing etc. for 20 marks

CIA2: MID SEMESTER EXAMINATION for 50 marks

CIA3: Assignment/test/poster preparation/review writing etc. for 20 marks

Attendance in class: 10 marks

END SEMSTER EXAMINATION: 5 x 20 marks = 100 marks. Out of five, three questions will have choices.

The objective of this course is to disseminate the knowledge about introduction of cyber-crime and various types of offenses. It also aims to discuss the computer and networking. The course will explain about basics of information security, digital forensic and their examination.

Cyber Crime- Overview, Internal and External Attacks, Online and offline attacks. Cybercrimes against Individuals – E-mail spoofing and other online frauds, Phishing and its forms, Spamming, Cyber defamation, Cyberstalking and harassment, Computer Sabotage, Pornographic offenses, Password Sniffing. Cybercrime against organization – Unauthorized access of computer, Denial-of-service (DOS) attack, Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack, Backdoors and Malwares (virus, Trojan horse, worms), E-mail Bombing, Salami Attack, Software Piracy, Industrial Espionage. Cyber Security Policy, Security policies violations, Crimes related to Social Media, ATM, phishing/vishing frauds, Online and Banking Frauds. Intellectual Property Frauds. Cyber Crimes against Women and Children, Phases of cyber-attack.  

Introduction to Computer Hardware - Various Components of a Computer, Micro-Processor, Memory, Data Storage Devices and Networking components. Understanding Computer Operating Systems (OS), Booting process of computers. Introduction to File Systems and its types. Networking- Digital and Analog Signaling Methods, Network Types and Topologies, Different types of IP Addresses, Network Hardware Devices and Client/Server Computing. 

Information Security - Overview of Information security, CIA Triad, Threats and Vulnerabilities and Risk, Policy, Standards, Procedures, Guidelines and Baselines. Information Asset Classification: Classification of Information, Information Assets – Owner, Custodian, User. Access control, Authentication and Authorization. Information assurance and defensive measures. Digital Document Security. Cryptography: Definitions and Concepts, Symmetric and Asymmetric Cryptosystems, Classical Encryption Techniques – Substitution Techniques, Transposition Techniques, Block Ciphers and Stream Ciphers, Hybrid Encryption Techniques, One-Time Pad. E-mail security, Internet and Web Security. Steganography and Steganalysis.

Digital Forensics- Introduction, Objective and Methodology, Rules of Digital Forensics, First responder - role, toolkit, do‟s & don‟ts; Search and Seizure of Volatile and Non-volatile Digital Evidence. Imaging and Hashing Digital Evidence, Introduction to deleted file Recovery; Overview of types of Computer Forensics – Network Forensics, Mobile Forensics, Social Media Forensics and E-mail Forensics. Seizing and preserving mobile devices. Methods of acquisition of evidence from mobile devices. Data Acquisition and Evidence Gathering from social media. Introduction to IT Act.  

2. Shon Harris, “All in One CISSP, Exam Guide Sixth Edition”, McGraw Hill, 2013.

3. Bill Nelson, Amelia Phillips and Christopher Stuart; “Guide to Computer Forensics and Investigations” – 3rd Edition, Cengage, 2010 BBS.

4. William Stallings; “Cryptography and Network Security: Principles and Practices”, Fifth Edition, Prentice Hall Publication Inc., 2007.  

6. Majid Yar; “Cybercrime and Society”, Sage Publications, 2006.

7. Michael E Whiteman and Herbert J Mattord; “Principles of Information Security”, Vikas Publishing House, New Delhi, 2003.

8. Matt Bishop, “Computer Security Art and Science”, Pearson/PHI, 2002.

9. Peter Singer and Allan Fredman; “Cybersecurity and Cyberwar: What Everyone needs to know”, Oxford University Press, 2014. 10. Raef Meeuwisse; “Cybersecurity for Beginners”, Icutrain Ltd., 2015.  

CIA1: Assignment/test/poster preparation/review writing etc. for 20 marks

CIA2: MID SEMESTER EXAMINATION for 50 marks

CIA3: Assignment/test/poster preparation/review writing etc. for 20 marks

Attendance in class: 10 marks

END SEMSTER EXAMINATION: 5 x 20 marks = 100 marks. Out of five, three questions will have choices.

Introduction to Statistics for Forensic Scientists is an essential introduction to the subject, guiding the students through the key statistical techniques used to evaluate various types of forensic evidence. With a brief overview of the history and use of statistics within forensic science, the students will be introduced to the different statistical techniques commonly used to examine data obtained during laboratory experiments. There is a strong emphasis on the evaluation of scientific observation as evidence and modern Bayesian approaches to interpreting forensic data for the courts.

The scope of statistics in forensic science; Classification of study design, Observational studies and Experimental studies (uncontrolled studies, trials with external controls, crossover studies, trials with self-controls, trials with independent concurrent controls); Exploration and presentation of data: Scales of measurement, Tables, Graphs, Histograms, Box and Whisker plots, Frequency polygon, Scatter Plots, Principle component analysis.

Definition, mutually exclusive events and addition rule, independent events and multiplication rule. Sampling: Reasons for sampling, methods of sampling, SRS, Systematic, Stratified, Cluster, NPS. Probability distribution: Binomial, Poisson, Gaussian, Standard normal distribution. Drawing inferences from data: Tests of significance: Statistical inference – estimation - testing of hypothesis - t-test, Chi square test (goodness of fit, independence or association, detection of linkages), Z-test, Confidence intervals, Confidence limits, Hypothesis tests, Types of errors, P-values.

Decision about single mean (normal population and non-normal population), decision about single group, decision about paired groups, decision about two independent groups, equality of population variances, computer-aided illustration for comparison of means; Comparing three or more means: ANOVA – one way, two-way, A-priori comparison, Posterior or Post Hoc comparison. Statistical methods for multiple variables: Multiple regression, predicting with more than 1 variable, Statistical test for regression coefficient, Role of R and R2 in multiple regression, Confounding variable (ANACOVA), predicting categorical outcomes – logistic regression, discriminant analysis.

Pearson’s correlation coefficient, Spearman’s rho, Linear regression, Least Square method, predicting with regression equation, comparing two regression lines, dealing with nonlinear observation, Common errors in regression, Comparing correlation and regression.

CIA1: Assignment/test/poster preparation/review writing etc. for 20 marks

CIA2: MID SEMESTER EXAMINATION for 50 marks

CIA3: Assignment/test/poster preparation/review writing etc. for 20 marks

Attendance in class: 10 marks

END SEMSTER EXAMINATION: 5 x 20 marks = 100 marks. Out of five, three questions will have choices.

This course will help to developing an understanding of biological evidences and their analysis, Examination of human hairs and fibers and vegetable fibers, Identification of common poisons and their microscopic examination, to test various drugs, preliminary examination and analysis of arson cases.  

1. Identification of blood stains using enzymatic and crystal tests

2. Identification of seminal stains using presumptive test, crystal test and detection of spermatozoa

3. Identification of saliva stains, preliminary examination and confirmatory examination.

4. Identification of urine stains, color test.

5. Microscopic Examination of Human and Animal Hairs

6. Microscopic Examination of Vegetable Fibers, solubility test and chemical tests.

7. Examination of fibers for elemental analysis (Protein, Sulphur, Nitrogen, Chlorine)

8. Identification of commonly encountered inorganic poisons Arsenic, Antimony, Bismuth, Mercury by color test and microscopic examination.

9. Identification of ethyl alcohol and methyl alcohol by color tests and microscopic examination.

10. Analysis of accelerants and incendiary in Arson cases by TLC and UV visible spectrophotometry.

11. Identification of explosives by color tests & group analysis.

12. Identification of NDPS drugs by color tests and TLC.

13. Extracting poisons from vomit and urine samples.

14. Lab testing of Aluminum Phosphide (Phosphine gas)

15. Color/spot and TLC separation for common drugs of abuse.

16. Analysis of phenolphthalein in trap cases.

17. Identification tests for volatiles (Acetone/ Acetaldehyde/ Ethyl alcohol/)

18. Identification of Basic drugs by colour and screening tests 

2. Barry, A.J. Fisher; “Techniques of Crime Scene Investigation”, 7th Ed, CRC Press, NY, 2003.

3. David J. Thomas & Lewis M. James, Forensic Odontology Principles and Practice, Mica Haley, 2018.

4. Butler M. John, Fundamentals of Forensic DNA Typing, Academic Press, 2010.

5. Chadha, PV; “Handbook of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology”, Jaypee Brothers, New Delhi, 2004. 

7. Jones Richard & James-Payne Jason, Simpson’s Forensic Medicine (14th edition), Taylor & Francis group, 2019.

8. Reddy Narayan S.K., The Synopsis of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology (29th edition), Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers, 2017.

9. Rivers B. David & Dahlem A. Gregory, The Science of Forensic Entomology, Wiley-Blackwell, 2014. 

10. Sharma R. B., Firearms in Criminal investigation & Trial (5th edition), Universal Law Publishing, 2017. 

●     CIA 1: 10%

●     CIA 2 (Mid Semester Examination): 25% (50 marks)

●     CIA 3: 10%

●     Attendance: 5%

CIA total: 50%

End Semester examination: 50% (100 marks)

1.         Identify the given biological stain blood/Saliva/Semen/Urine by preliminary color test           

(Principle: 2+2 marks, Materials and Preparation: 2+2 marks, Results: 4+4 marks)                              16 Marks

2.         Identify the given biological stain blood/Saliva/Semen/Urine by confirmatory examination

(Principle: 2 marks, Materials and Preparation: 2 marks, Results and observation: 3+3 marks)            10 Marks

3.         Identification of ethyl alcohol and methyl alcohol by color tests                              12 Marks

(Principle: 3 marks, Materials and Preparation: 3 marks, Results and Observation: 6 marks)               

4.         Identify the given tobacco / drug by color test                                                         14 Marks

(Principle: 2+2 marks, Materials and Preparation: 2+2 marks, Results and observation: 3+3 marks)   

5.         Examine the chemical compounds from the given poisonous plant using TLC.        12 Marks

(Principle: 3 marks, Materials and Preparation: 3 marks, Results and observation: 3+3 marks)            

6.         Identify the given Spotters and comment (A, B, C,D)

(Identification: 8 marks, Comments: 8 marks)                                                                      16 Marks

7.         Logical and Reasoning                                                                                             10 Marks

8.         Viva                                                                                                                           10 Marks

This course will help to developing an understanding of examination of fired cartridge cases, examination physical properties of various evidences, and microscopic examination, Identification of fibers, preliminary and chemical examination, To compare cloth pieces and reconstruction of broken bangle piece. 

1. Examination of comparison of class and individual characteristics of fired bullets.

2. Examination and comparison of fired cartridge cases (caliber, firing pin marks, breech face marks, chamber marks, extractor and ejector marks)

3. Chemical tests for powder residue – Walker’s Test & barrel wash

4. Examination of physical properties of soil and microscopic examination.

5. Density gradient and particle size distribution and pH measurement of soil.

6. Examination of physical properties of glass, physical examination of glass.

7. Color and fluorescence examination of glass, Determination of refractive index of glass,

8. Examination of physical properties of paint, macroscopic and microscopic studies,

9. Micro-chemical analysis, solubility test, IR spectroscopy

10. Physical examination of fiber, microscopic examination, burning tests, solubility test and chemical examination

11. Comparison of different cloth pieces.

12. Analysis and comparison of broken bangles piece.

13. Comparison of Tool marks.

14. Physical matching and glass fracture determination.

15. Microscopic examination of pre-blast and post-blast residue.

16. Nitrate and Nitrite chemical test in explosive materials.

17. Comparison microscope.

18. Heavy element analysis in explosive material by AAS. 

19. Examination of chemical presence in soil (Labile carbon, sulphates, chlorides)

20. IP address finding.

21. Information gathering and searching approaches (system and web

22. Understanding and using networking commands

23. Identifying and removing viruses in the Windows environment

24. Analyzing the data packets based on password sniffing

25. Creating a network design with IP addresses

26. Implementing and testing client-server computing.

27. Creating and integrating nodes in diverse network topologies

28. Managing networking devices for authentication and authorization configuration 28. Securing the document using the digital certificate

29. Classical encryption techniques for network security

30. Reading and analyzing email headers for cyber forensics

2. Saferstein Richard, Criminalistics: An Introduction to Forensic Science (11th edition), Pearson, 2015

3.Houck M. Max & Siegel A. Jay, Fundamentals of Forensic Science (3rd edition), Academic Press, 2015.

4. Skoog A. Douglas, Holler James F. & Crouch R. Stanley, Principles of Instrumental Analysis (7th edition), Cengage, 2018 

6. Kumar K., Forensic Ballistics in Criminal Justice (1st edition), Eastern Book Company, 2015.

7.Sharma R. B., Firearms in Criminal investigation & Trial (5th edition), Universal Law Publishing, 2017.

8. Fifield, F.W. and Kealy, D.; “Principles and practice of Analytical Chemistry”, 5th Edition, Blackwell Science, 2000.

9. Christian, G.D.; “Analytical Chemistry”, 6th Edition., John Wiley, 2004

10. Kealey, D. and Haines, P.J.; “Analytical Chemistry”, Bios Scientific/ Viva Books, 2002. 

(Principle: 4 marks, Materials and Preparation: 2 marks, Results: 4 marks)                        

2. Write the class and Individual characteristics of Fire arms                                   10 Marks

3. Perform forensic examination of the given paint samples  A & B.                              10 Marks

(Material required and preparation 3 Marks, Principle 2 Marks, Procedure 2 Marks, Result 3 marks) 

4. Identification and comparison of the given different cloth pieces C & D.                 10 Marks.

(Material required and preparation 3 Marks, Principle 2 Marks, Procedure 2 Marks, Result 3 marks) 

5. Explore different document security aspects in the following and write down each of the steps clearly with screenshots. 15 Marks

1. Documents of Windows OS

2. Ms word, Power Point, and Excel sheet

3. Google Doc, Presentation and Google Sheet

4. PDF reader software you have.     

6. A. Encode and decode some text into an image using the following:

https://futureboy.us/stegano/decinput.html

https://www.xhcode.com/converter/steganographic-decoder.html

B. Find out some more tool for stegnogrphy online and perform the same. 15 Marks

7. Identify the given spotters (A, B) (2 X 5 marks)                                    10 Marks

(Identification 2 marks, Characteristics 3 marks)       

8. Logical and Reasoning     (2 X 5 marks)                                                         10 Marks

9. Viva                                                                                                                     10 Marks

CIA:

●     CIA 1: 10%

●     CIA 2 (Mid Semester Examination): 25% (50 marks)

●     CIA 3: 10%

●     Attendance: 5%

CIA total: 50%

End Semester examination: 50% (100 marks)

This course introduces students to the scientific approach to data analysis. Weekly classes and tutorials are geared toward helping the students gain a basic understanding of experiments. In the lectures, students learn about the fundamentals of quantitative research and are accustomed to strategies for data analysis, hypothesis testing, and statistical inference. Each lecture is followed by a computer lab session, where students put their knowledge to practice, and perform tasks that revolve around visualizing data, and conducting statistical analyses.

SPSS: data editor, output viewer, syntax editor – Data view window – SPSS Syntax – Data creation – Importing data – Variable types in SPSS and Defining variables – Creating a Codebook in SPSS.

SPSS: data editor, output viewer, syntax editor – Data view window – SPSS Syntax – Data creation – Importing data – Variable types in SPSS and Defining variables – Creating a Codebook in SPSS.

SPSS: data editor, output viewer, syntax editor – Data view window – SPSS Syntax – Data creation – Importing data – Variable types in SPSS and Defining variables – Creating a Codebook in SPSS.

SPSS: data editor, output viewer, syntax editor – Data view window – SPSS Syntax – Data creation – Importing data – Variable types in SPSS and Defining variables – Creating a Codebook in SPSS.

Computing Variables - Recoding (Transforming) Variables: Recoding Categorical String Variables using Automatic Recode - Rank Cases - Sorting Data - Grouping or Splitting Data.

Computing Variables - Recoding (Transforming) Variables: Recoding Categorical String Variables using Automatic Recode - Rank Cases - Sorting Data - Grouping or Splitting Data.

Computing Variables - Recoding (Transforming) Variables: Recoding Categorical String Variables using Automatic Recode - Rank Cases - Sorting Data - Grouping or Splitting Data.

Computing Variables - Recoding (Transforming) Variables: Recoding Categorical String Variables using Automatic Recode - Rank Cases - Sorting Data - Grouping or Splitting Data.

Descriptive Statistics for Continuous Variables - The Explore procedure - Frequencies Procedure – Descriptive - Compare Means - Frequencies for Categorical Data.

Descriptive Statistics for Continuous Variables - The Explore procedure - Frequencies Procedure – Descriptive - Compare Means - Frequencies for Categorical Data.

Descriptive Statistics for Continuous Variables - The Explore procedure - Frequencies Procedure – Descriptive - Compare Means - Frequencies for Categorical Data.

Descriptive Statistics for Continuous Variables - The Explore procedure - Frequencies Procedure – Descriptive - Compare Means - Frequencies for Categorical Data.

Inferential Statistics for Association: Pearson Correlation, Chi-square Test of Independence – Inferential Statistics for Comparing Means: One-Sample t Test, Paired Samples T Test, Independent Samples T Test, One-Way ANOVA.

Inferential Statistics for Association: Pearson Correlation, Chi-square Test of Independence – Inferential Statistics for Comparing Means: One-Sample t Test, Paired Samples T Test, Independent Samples T Test, One-Way ANOVA.

Inferential Statistics for Association: Pearson Correlation, Chi-square Test of Independence – Inferential Statistics for Comparing Means: One-Sample t Test, Paired Samples T Test, Independent Samples T Test, One-Way ANOVA.

Inferential Statistics for Association: Pearson Correlation, Chi-square Test of Independence – Inferential Statistics for Comparing Means: One-Sample t Test, Paired Samples T Test, Independent Samples T Test, One-Way ANOVA.

https://www.ibm.com/support/knowledgecenter/SSLVMB/ welcome/

2. How To Use SPSS ® A Step-By-Step Guide to Analysis and Interpretation, Brian C. Cronk, Tenth edition published in 2018 by Routledge.

2. Using IBM SPSS statistics for research methods and social science statistics, William E. Wagner, Fifth edition published in 2015 by SAGE Publications, Inc.

End Semester Examination: 50 marks 

Total: 100 marks

The objective of this course is to explain the relevance of personal identification and its  application using somatometric and somatoscopic observation, tattoo marks, deformities and  genetic traits in forensic investigations. It will also explain the basic principles of human  growth and development with focus on methods of assessing age-especially dental age and  skeletal age. The course would highlight the forensic morphometry of skeletal remains,  skeletal analysis and details of forensic odontology.

Scope Importance and significance of forensic anthropology. Personal identification of living  individuals, Importance and need for personal identification; Documents proof, scars, professional  marks, personal articles, tattoo marks, Finger printings, dentures, age of victim, sex, race, and height  of the victim, nails. Genetic traits of forensic significance: Color blindness, ear lobe, brachydactyly,  polydactyly, widow’s peak, frontal eminences,  Determination of Age, Sex, Race and Stature from skeletal remains, skull, Pelvis, and long  bones. Darwin’s tubercle, supra-orbital ridges, physiognomic

Major stages of human growth and development- Prenatal growth, Postnatal growth and their characteristics,Factor affecting growth- Genetic and Environmental. Methods of studying;Human Growth, Significance ofage in growth studies Methods of assessing age-chronological age, dental age, skeletal age, secondary sexcharacterageandmorphologicalage.Ageassessment-Decimalagecalculation,agegrouping.Chronologicalanddevelopmentalage- Significanceofgrowthstudiesinforensics.

Nature and formation of bones, Classification of human bones, Identification of Human and  Animal remains. Forensic Facial Reconstruction: Two Dimensional and 3 Three Dimensional  Methods, Bone fragments, Pathological changes in bone. Importance of Photofit/Identity Kit  System for Facial Reconstruction. cranio Facial Super Imposition Techniques (Photographic  Super Imposition, Video Superimposition, Roentgenographic Superimposition). Use of  Somatoscopic and Craniometric Methods in Reconstruction. Genetic and Congenital  Anomalies: Causes, Types, Identification and their Forensic Significance. Anthropological  Indices - cephalic index, nasal index, cranial index, upper facial index.

Introduction to human dentition, Tooth structure and growth. types and functions of  different teeth, Estimation of age and sex determination from odontological evidences.  Population difference in size and morphology. Individualization of tooth pulp. Bite  marks and its forensic significance. identification in mass disasters, Photography, lifting  and preservation of bite marks. Types of bite marks; collection and preservation,  Comparison and evaluation of bite mark evidences, forensic importance of bite marks;  identification - Case studies, Medico-legal aspects of bite marks.

Introduction to Basic Components of Computers, Concept and Application of Software Basic software’s applied in anthropological data like demography and genetic data. (POPGENE, PHYLIP, DISPAN, HAPLOPOP, LD), Concepts of Primary and Secondary data, Various types of representation of population data (tabular, graphical) Data Mining. Nature and scope of molecular anthropology, molecular marker technology, application of molecular anthropology; Identity and Non-Identity, Paternity, Gender Determination.

2.  Pickering,R.&BachmanD;TheuseofForensicAnthropology,CRCPress,CostaRica,2009.

3.  Shubhra,G;Introductiontoforensicexamination,SelectiveScientificBooks,NewDelhi,2008

4. Michael,W.Haney,H.A.&FreasL.E;TheForensicAnthropologyLaboratory,CRCPress,2008

2.ButlerM.John,FundamentalsofForensicDNATyping,AcademicPress,2010.

3.ReddyNarayanS.K.,The Synopsisof Forensic MedicineandToxicology(29^thedition), Jaypee BrothersMedicalPublishers,2017.

4.BurnsRameyKaren,ForensicAnthropologyTrainingManual(3^rdedition),Pearson,2013.

5.ByersN.Steven,IntroductiontoForensicAnthropology(5^thedition),RoutledgeTaylor&Francisgroup,2017.

6. RamachandranR.,Scientifictechniquesincriminalinvestigation(2^ndedition),KamalPublishers,2021.11.SiegelA.Jay&MirakovitsKathy,ForensicSciencethebasic(3^rdedition),CRCPress,2015

CIA1: Assignment/test/poster preparation/review writing etc. for 20 marks

CIA2: MID SEMESTER EXAMINATION for 50 marks

CIA3: Assignment/test/poster preparation/review writing etc. for 20 marks

Attendance in class: 10 marks

The objective of this course is to explain the concept of dermatoglyphics and otherimpression with their forensic implication. It will also familiarize students with the biometrics, technologyinvolved and multibiometric systems. The course also aims to discuss the foot/ footwear/tyre impressions lipprints,earprintsand theirsignificanceinforensicinvestigations

Development of Dermatoglyphics, formation of ridges, pattern types, class and individual  characteristics. pattern area. Classification of fingerprints- Henry’s system of classification,  single-digit classification, Extension of Henry’s classification, filing, searching and fingerprint  bureau. Composition of sweat, development of chance, latent, visible and plastic prints.  Preservation and lifting of fingerprints, Conventional methods of development of latent prints

fluorescent methods, magnetic powder method, fuming method, advancement in chemical

method etc. Application of laser and other radiations to develop latent fingerprints, metal  deposition method and development of latent prints on skin. Utilization of nano1particles in  enhancement of fingerprints, collection of fingerprints from living and dead person. Ridge  counting and ridge tracing, Comparison of palm prints on the basis of individual ridge  characteristics. Automated Fingerprint Identification System (AFIS).

Definition, Historical development of biometrics, Biometrics within Forensic science,  Characteristics and operation of biometric system. Classification of biometric systems – physiological and behavioral. Physiological Biometrics; Fingerprints, palm prints, iris, retina,  geometry of hand and face. Behavioral Biometrics; Handwriting, signatures, types of forgery,  keystrokes, gait and voice and speaker recognition. Strength and weakness of physiological  and behavioral biometrics. Multimodal biometrics. Key biometric processes – enrollment,  identification and verification. Positive and negative identification, Measures of Biometrics;  Performance measures used in biometric systems – FAR, FRR, GAR, FTA, FTE and ATV.  Biometric versus traditional technologies

Definition, nature, its types, Gait pattern, Casting of footprints in different medium,  electrostatic lifting of latent footprints. Taking of control samples. Collection and tracing,  lifting, casting of impressions/ footprints, enhancement of footwear impressions, analysis and  comparison of foot impressions, moulds, identification characteristics. taking of control  samples, skid marks, tread marks, significance and examination. different types of tyre marks  and tool marks encountered, significance of tyre marks and tool marks, evaluation and its  examination

Human lip anatomy, Aetiology of lip; environmental factors, genetic factors, Nature, location,  collection and evaluation of lip prints, types of lip prints, cheiloscopy, Forensic Significance,  photography, taking of control samples of lip prints, Assessment of lip morphology; clinical  assessment, anthropometric, ultrasound, three-dimensional images, comparison of lip prints.  Modern techniques and developments.

2.  Jain,A.K.,Flynn,P.&RossA.A.,HandbookofBiometrics,Springer,NewYork2008.

3.  SafersteinRichard,Criminalistics:AnIntroductiontoForensicScience(11^thedition),Pearson,2015

4.  DaluzMosesHillary,FundamentalsofFingerprintAnalysis,Taylor&Francisgroup,2015.

5.  SharmaR.B.,FirearmsinCriminalinvestigation&Trial(5^thedition),UniversalLawPublishing,2017.

8.  SiegelA.Jay&MirakovitsKathy,ForensicSciencethebasic(3^rdedition),CRCPress,2015.

9.  RobinsonM.Edward,CrimescenePhotography(2^ndedition),Academicpress,2010.

The objective of this course is to explain the concept of human genetics, role of genes and  mutations. It will also familiarize students with the serological examination and determination  of species. The course also aims to discuss the various techniques used in blood group  examination and enzymes.

Principles of heredity, Mendelian Inheritance; Epistasis, Multiple Allelism, Mutations;  Mutagens and their types (Physical, chemical, biological), Heredity, Alleles, Human genetics,  Genetics of paternity, Human genetic variations. Mutations & population Genetic Hardy  Weinberg Equilibrium. Mutation- their types and causes. Relevance of population genetics.  Allele frequency, genotype frequency. Polymorphism and heterozygosity. Measures of genetic  variations. Interaction of Genes; Supplementary genes, Complementary genes, Pleiotropy,  Lethal genes, Mutation: Definition and types, Spontaneous and induced mutation,

Chromosomal aberration Mutation

Immune system, immune response, innate and acquired immunity, antigens, antibodies, and  their reactions. Determination of species of origin-ring test, single diffusion in one dimension  and two-dimension, double diffusion in one dimension and two dimensions, immune electrophoresis, rocket immune-electrophoresis, two-dimensional electrophoresis, cross-over  electrophoresis, Anti-human globulin serum inhibition test, passive haem-agglutination  method, precipitin-inhibition test, mixed agglutination method, sensitized latex particle  method. Lectins and their forensic significance, methods of sterilization employ for serological  work

Human blood group systems. History, biochemistry and genetics of ABO, Rh, Mn and other  forensically significant blood group systems. Methods of ABO blood grouping (absorption inhibition, mixed agglutination and absorption elution) from blood stains and other body  fluids/stains. New approaches in bloodstain grouping. Blood group specific ABH substances.  Secretors and non- secretors. Blood groups that make racial distinctions. Lewis antigen.  Bombay Blood groups. HLA antigens and HLA typing. Role of sero-genetic markers in  individualization and paternity disputes. Pitfalls in red cell typing. 

Biomarkers of individualization; definition and classification. Red cell enzymes:  Genetics, Polymorphism and typing of PGM, GLO-I, ESD, EAP, AK, ADA etc. and  their forensic significance. Serum proteins: Genetics, polymorphism and typing of – Hb,  HP, TF, Bf, C3 etc. and their forensic significance. Non1genetic approaches to  individualization- biochemical profiling, antibody profiling and persistent disease  agents.

2.  Gupta,S.K;“EssentialsofImmunology”,AryaPublications,2008.

3.  Kothari,ManuL;“EssentialsofHumanGenetics”,UniversityPress(India)Pvt.Ltd.,2009.

4.  SinghB.D.;“FundamentalsofGenetics”,KalyaniPublishers,2006.

5.  SiegelA.Jay&MirakovitsKathy,ForensicSciencethebasic(3^rdedition),CRCPress,2015.

2.    SkoogA.Douglas,HollerJamesF.&CrouchR.Stanley,PrinciplesofInstrumentalAnalysis(7^th

edition),Cengage,2018

3.  LiRichard,ForensicBiology(2^ndedition),Taylor&Francisgroup,2015.

4.      ElenaPilli,AndreaBertiForensicDNAAnalysisTechnologicalDevelopmentandInnovativeApplications,Routledge TaylorandFrancis,2021.

5.      ButlerM.John,FundamentalsofForensicDNATyping,AcademicPress,2010.

CIA1: Assignment/test/poster preparation/review writing etc. for 20 marks

CIA2: MID SEMESTER EXAMINATION for 50 marks

CIA3: Assignment/test/poster preparation/review writing etc. for 20 marks

Attendance in class: 10 marks

END SEMSTER EXAMINATION: Consist of 1 section. This section will consist of 5 questions carrying 20 marks each out of which students will get an option in any two questions  (20 X 5marks = 100 marks).

The objective of this course is to explain the concept of structure of DNA & RNA and forensic  DNA typing. It will also familiarize students with the collection, preservation of serological  samples, various DNA extraction methods by using various advanced methods. The course also  aims to discuss the various application of DNA in forensic and bioinformatics techniques.

Concept of Heredity, Alleles, Mutations and Genetics polymorphism. Population genetics and  Hardy1Weinberg law, Calculation of allele frequencies. DNA the scientific basis of DNA typing, A short history and milestones in development of forensic DNA typing, Legal perspective and  admissibility of DNA – legal standard for admissibility of DNA profiling procedural & ethical  concerns

Sources of DNA with respect to forensic application (blood, semen, saliva, urine, faeces, hair,  teeth, bone, tissue and cells, touch DNA, microbial DNA), Quality and quantity of the samples  and quality and quantity of DNA, Sample collection, Transportation, and preservation of samples  for DNA analysis. DNA Extraction Methods. Quantification and Quality assessment methods.  Agarose gel electrophoresis (AGE), Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (PAGE), Capillary gel  Electrophoresis- Principle and Instrumentation, Forensic Issues: Degraded DNA, contamination,  mixed samples, and low copy number. Result interpretation, Quality assurance in DNA  fingerprinting.

PCR Basics, process, PCR Reaction set up, Gradient and Hot start PCR, multiplex PCR, PCR  inhibitors and PCR enhancers, Trouble shooting of PCR, controls in PCR, advantages and  disadvantages of PCR, RT-PCR, Real time PCR, Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD),  Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP), PCR-RFLP, Amplified Fragment Length  Polymorphism (AFLP), Variable Number Tandem Repeat (VNTR), Short Tandem Repeat (STR),  Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNPS), Markers on X chromosome and its uses, Markers on Y  chromosomes and its uses, mtDNA profiling (HVR1 and HVR2 profiling), DNA sequencing  (Sangers and NGS), mRNA markers in body fluid identification

Evaluation of DNA profile results, frequency estimate calculations, interpretations, allele  frequency determination, match probability, Paternity/Maternity index, Sibling index, Probability  of match, and discrimination, discrimination power, power of exclusion, errors in interpretation.  Introduction to Bioinformatics, DNA databases (GenBank, DDBJ, EMBL, CODIS, NDIS,  INTERPOL DNA Database (IDD), Europol Information System (EIS), Status of National DNA  databank in India), The transnational exchange of DNA data, sequence alignment tools-BLAST,  CLUSTAL, BioEdit, Dendrogram and software for dendrogram

Early applications of DNA profiling (Immigration case of Andrew and serial murder case of Colin  Pitchfork), Identification of individuals of air craft accidents cases, identification of victims from  the burned remnants, Identification of accused in gangrape cases, Forensic investigation into  Romanov Mystery, DNA profiling from transplanted bone marrow. 

2.   Singh,Yashpal;“DNATestsinCriminalInvestigationTrial&PaternityDisputes”,AliaLawAgency,2006.

3.  Vij,Krishan;“BasicsofDNAandEvidentiaryIssues”,JaypeeBrothers,2004.

4.  J.M.Butler;“ForensicDNATyping”,ElsevierAcademicPress,2005.

5.   S.C.Rastogi,N.Mendiratta&P.Rastogi;“Bio-informatics–MethodsandApplications”,PHIlearningPvt.Ltd.,2009.

3.  JMClaverieandCedricNotedame;“Bioinformatics–ABeginner’sGuide”,WileyPublications,2008.

4.  JPBaride,A.P.Kulkarni&R.D.Mazumdar;“ManualofBiostatistics”,JaypeePublications,2003.

5.      J.ThomasMcclintock;“ForensicDNAAnalysis”,LewisPublications,2008.

6.       P.S.S Sundar RaoandJ.Richard;“IntroductiontoBiostatisticsand ResearchMethods”, 5thEdition,2012.

7.      ButlerM.John,FundamentalsofForensicDNATyping,AcademicPress,2010.

8.         ElenaPilli,AndreaBertiForensicDNAAnalysisTechnologicalDevelopmentandInnovativeApplications,Routledge TaylorandFrancis,2021.

CIA1: Assignment/test/poster preparation/review writing etc. for 20 marks

CIA2: MID SEMESTER EXAMINATION for 50 marks

CIA3: Assignment/test/poster preparation/review writing etc. for 20 marks

Attendance in class: 10 marks

END SEMSTER EXAMINATION: Consist of 1 section. This section will consist of 5 questions carrying 20 marks each out of which students will get an option in any two questions  (20 X 5marks = 100 marks).

The objective of this course is to explain the concept of psychology and psychopathology in  forensic science. It will also familiarize the students with several psychological examination  methods used for interrogation. The course also aims to discuss the application polygraph and its  legal aspects along with human rights of an individual. This paper also enlightens narco-analysis  and BOES, legal and ethical aspects.

Definition and fundamental concepts of forensic psychology and forensic psychiatry.  Psychological Disorder, . Psychological assessment and its importance.  Assessment of mental competency. Mental disorders and forensic psychology. Psychology of  evidence – eyewitness testimony, confession evidence. Forensic Psychology and the Law, Ethical Issues in Forensic Psychology, Civil and criminal case assessment, Forensic Psychological  evidence, Crime and Psychopathology, Genetics and Crime, Serial murders, Modus Operandi;   Psychology of terrorism. Biological factors and crime – social learning theories, psycho-social factors, Insanity, McNaughton’s Rule, Durham Rule of Insanity

Psychological Assessment: Psychological Assessment Tools, Detection of deception, Various  methods for detection of deception, Interview, Non-verbal detection, statement assessment,  Hypnosis, voice stress analyzer, Polygraph, thermal imaging, Brain Electrical Oscillation  Signature Profiling, scientific methods, operational environment, application, utility,  limitations and legal status. Functional Magnetic Resonance study, Current research in detection  of deception, Psychological tests, types of tests, Personality tests and  The MMPI test

Polygraph: Historical aspects of Polygraph, Principles of polygraph, psycho physiological aspects,  operational aspects, Question formulation techniques and operational, interviewing technique  procedure, The Art-Polygraph, Legal and Ethical aspects, Competence to stand trial and use of  psychological tests, Human rights of individual. Neurobiological forensic testing and investigation

Narco-Analysis: Historical aspects, Principle and Theory, General Procedure –Legal and Ethical  aspects, Human rights of individual. Brain fingerprinting  Principle and Theory, General Procedure – Legal and Ethical aspects, Human  rights of individual. Forensic assessment & treatment of sexual offenders & their victims. Ethical  & legal issues in forensic practice.

Bartol,C.R.andBartol,A.M.IntroductiontoForensicPsychology.Researchandapplication,2Edn,BarnesandNoblesNewYork,2008.

1.      SafersteinRichard,Criminalistics:AnIntroductiontoForensicScience(11^thedition),Pearson,2015.

2.      HouckM.Max&SiegelA.Jay,FundamentalsofForensicScience(3^rdedition),AcademicPress,2015.

3.      Veeraraghavan,V.HandbookofForensicPsychology,SelectScientificPublishers,NewDelhi.2009.

4.      Virudhagirinathan,B.S.&Karunanidhi,S.,"CurrentstatusofpsychologyandclinicalpsychologyinIndia-Anappraisal",InternationalReviewofPsychiatry,2014.

5.      Patherick,W.,Turvey,B.andFergusson,C.ForensicCriminology,ElsevierAcademicPress.USA.2009

Attendance (5%) and End Semester Examination

( CIA1: Assignment/test/poster preparation/review writing etc. for 20 marks CIA2: MID SEMESTER EXAMINATION for 50 marks CIA3: Assignment/test/poster preparation/review writing etc. for 20 marks

Attendance in class: 10 marks

END SEMSTER EXAMINATION: Consist of 1 section. This section will consist of 5 questions carrying 20 marks each out of which students will get an option in any two questions.  (5x20=100 marks)

The objective of this course is to explain the concept of introduction of drugs, various types of  drugs. It will also familiarize students with the collection, preservation of various form of drugs  their preliminary and instrumental analysis. The course also aims to discuss the various  application clandestine requirement of its examination and facilities. This subject will focus on  an emerging aspect of drugs in sports, its identification and legal aspects

Definition of Drug, Drug Use &Misuse, DrugChemistry, Drug Dependence and chemistry ofAddiction,Drug Receptors and Brain Chemistry. Drugs of Abuse: Definition, Classification based on Form and Origin,Use, Effects and Schedules, Structure of NDPS Act and the definitions of each drug classification, Drugs asEvidence,ProfilingExamplesofIllegalDrugs,UnitedNationsInternationalDrugControlProgramme.

AnalysisofDrugsofAbuse:Origin,Pharmacology,Methodsofpreparation,Storage,DiluentsandAdulterants,SampleHandling,OptimizationofExperimentalConditions,Presumptive/ScreeningandConfirmatoryMethods:Color/spottest,Microscopicexamination,Microcrystallinetests,Thin-LayerChromatography,SamplePreparationbeforeTLCSpecimen,ExtractionEvaluationofTLCforDrugScreening, Immunoassay Methods, UV Spectrophotometry, IR/FTIR Spectrophotometry, NMR, GC-MS &HPLC/LC-MS,LegalImplicationsandDataInterpretationofOpiumandOpioidsanalgesics,Stimulants(Cocaine,Amphetamine&otheramphetaminederivatives),Depressants(BarbituratesandBenzodiazepines), Hallucinogens (Cannabis, LSD, Psilocybine and Mescaline), OTC, Inhalant and VolatileSubstances,Drugsinsexualassault

Clandestine laboratory: Meaning and Definition of Clandestine, Clandestine Laboratory, Lab  Operators, Manufacturing Process: Extraction, Conversion, Synthesis, and Tableting, The needs  triangle: Equipment Needs: Reflux, Distillation, Hydrogenation, Bucket Chemistry, Extractions,  Chemical Needs, and knowledge needs, Harms Caused by Clandestine Drug Labs, Scene  processing, Designer drugs: Definition, Analogs of Fentanyl and Meperidine (both synthetic  opioids), Phencyclidine (PCP), Amphetamines and methamphetamines (which have  hallucinogenic and stimulant properties). Laboratory Analysis: The Chemist, Extractions: Physical  Extraction, Dry Wash/Extraction, Liquid/Liquid Extractions, Analysis: Chemical Color Tests,

Microscopic Techniques, Infrared Spectroscopy, Thin-Layer Chromatography, Ultraviolet  Spectroscopy, Gas Chromatography. Format of NDPS Report Writing & Court Room Testimony

Drug Abuse in Sports: Introduction, International Olympic Committee (IOC), World Anti-Doping  Agency (WADA), National anti-doping agency (NADA), Classification of commonly prohibited  substances and Performance enhancing Methods, Steroids, Stack and Pyramid methods, Blood  Doping, Gene doping, Masking agents, Analysis of drugs from hair, Urine and other Body Fluids  and hair and its harmful effects, Sampling techniques, ethical consideration, analytical approaches,  Determination of sex of Athletes/sports personnel, Presentation of evidence, legal aspects

2.   BardaleRajesh,PrinciplesofForensicMedicineandToxicology,JaypeeBrothersMedicalPublishers,2011.

3.    JonesRichard&James-PayneJason,Simpson’sForensicMedicine(14^thedition),Taylor&Francisgroup,2019.

4.   ReddyNarayanS.K.,TheSynopsisofForensicMedicineandToxicology(29^thedition),JaypeeBrothersMedicalPublishers,2017.

8.Ramachandran R., Scientific techniques in criminal investigation (2^nd edition), Kamal Publishers, 2021.9.HouckM.Max,ForensicBiology:AdvancedForensicScienceSeries(1^stedition),Academicpress,2015.9.SiegelA.Jay&MirakovitsKathy,ForensicSciencethebasic(3^rdedition),CRCPress,2015.

10.LappasT.Nicholas&LappasM.Courtney,ForensicToxicology:PrinciplesandConcepts,ShirleyDecker-Lucke,2016.

CIA1: Assignment/test/poster preparation/review writing etc. for 20 marks

CIA2: MID SEMESTER EXAMINATION for 50 marks

CIA3: Assignment/test/poster preparation/review writing etc. for 20 marks

Attendance in class: 10 marks

End semester examination : 100 Marks

The objective of this course is to explain the concept of forensic biological evidencesincluding; blood, semen, saliva, sweat and their identification by using emerging technologies. It will alsofamiliarize students’ alcohol toxication their preliminary and instrumental analysis. The course also aims todiscussthevariousapplicationofanimalpoison,identificationandexaminationprocess.

Composition of body fluids - blood, semen, saliva, vaginal fluid, urine, sweat and menstrual blood.  Identification of bloodstains, seminal stain, saliva stain, vaginal fluid, urine, sweat and menstrual  blood using current and emerging techniques. Distinguishing vaginal acid phosphatase and  seminal acid phosphatase using isoelectric focusing techniques.

Identification and matching of various types of wood, timber varieties, seeds and leaves. Types of  vegetable fibers and methods of their identification. Planktons and Diatoms- Forensic importance.  Isolation of diatom from water, body organs and tissues. Identification of pollen grains and starch  grains. Paper Pulp examination. Identification of poisonous plants of forensic significance, Abrus  precatorius, Aconitum, Argemone mexicana, Cannabis sativa, Atropa belladonna, Erythroxylum  coco, Lathyrussativus, Manihot utilissima, Nerium indicum, Ricinus communis, Strychnos  nuxvomica, Ergot, Opium, Dhatura and Psilocybin mushrooms

Forensic Entomology- History, significance, determination of time since death Dipterans larval  development- life cycle of blowfly, housefly, flesh-fly. Successional colonization of body,  determining whether the body has been moved, body disturbance, presence and position wounds,  linking suspect to the scene, identification of drugs and toxins from the insects and larvae feeding  on the body, entomology as an evidentiary tool in child and senior abuse cases and animal abuse  cases, collection and preservation of entomological evidence

Introduction and importance of Wildlife. Protected and endangered species of animals and plants.  Sanctuaries and their importance. Relevant provision of wildlife and environmental act. Types of  wildlife crimes. Different methods of killing and poaching of wildlife animals, Illegal trading in  wildlife items, such as skin, fur, bone, horn, teeth, flowers and plants. Identification of physical  evidence pertaining to wildlife forensics. Identification of pug marks of various animals.

2.  Linarce,Adrian;“ForensicScienceinWildlifeInvestigation”,CRCPress,Taylor&Francis,2009.

3.  Baalu,T.R.;“TheWildlifeProtectionAct,1972”,NatarajPublication,2001.

2.  HeatherMillerCoyle;“ForensicBotany”,CRCPress,2005.

3.  X-RayManualbyWCCB,2013.

4.HouckM.Max&SiegelA.Jay,FundamentalsofForensicScience(3^rdedition),AcademicPress,2015.8.RiversB.David&DahlemA.Gregory,TheScienceofForensicEntomology,Wiley-Blackwell,2014.9.StuartH.Barbara,ForensicAnalyticalTechniques,JohnWiley&Sons,2013.

10.GunnAlan,EssentialForensicBiology(3^rdedition),JohnWiley,2019.

11.     LappasT.Nicholas&LappasM.Courtney,ForensicToxicology:PrinciplesandConcepts,ShirleyDecker-Lucke,2016.

CIA1: Assignment/test/poster preparation/review writing etc. for 20 marks

CIA2: MID SEMESTER EXAMINATION for 50 marks

CIA3: Assignment/test/poster preparation/review writing etc. for 20 marks

Attendance in class: 10 marks

End semester examination : 100 Marks

This course will help the students to learn advancement in fingerprints has facilitatedforensicinvestigation.Thispaperdealswithmorphologyandanatomyoffingerprintsandvariousdevelopmentaltechniques.Thiscourseprovidestheinformationaboutthirdleveldetailsincludingporoscopy and edgeoscopy and their utilization inpersonal identification.Thispaper willhelp studentstogetfamiliarwithadvancementin fingerprintcomputerizedapproach.

Introductionandrecapsulationtofingerprintscience,FunctionsofFingerprintsbureau,Fundamentalprinciples of fingerprint science, Anatomy of skin, biological significance of skin, Composition of sweat,secretaryglandseccrineglandsapocrine,glandssebaceousglandschemical composition,Ageof donor-variousage- groups,Composition oflatentprintresidues.

Iodine fuming, cyanoacrylate esters acceleration procedures, Post treatment procedures, Fluorescent andother chemical alternatives, Ninhydrin analogues, silver nitrate reagent, Special surfaces and situations:bloodyprints,tapeandstickysurfacesandskin,Postmortemfingerprintingtechniques.Latentprintenhancement by Laser and other alternate light sources: Using photo luminescent nano particles, basics of timegatedfingerprintdetection

Basics of phase resolved imaging, Fingerprint treatments: lanthanide based procedures, Photo luminescentfluorescence and phosphorescence, Use of Nano particles: cadmium, Zinc, Silver salts, Formation of silverphysical developer particles and preparation, Water and acid pretreatment, Multi metal deposition process,Colloidalgoldsolution,modifiedphysicaldeveloperenhancementtechniques,Digitalimagingmethods,optic methods,X ray,SEMmethods

Introduction,emergingapplication,Systemarchitecture,sensing,fingerprintrepresentation

Minutiaefeatureextraction,orientation,estimation,segmentationsegmentation,ridgedetection,Ridgedetection, finger print matching enhancement, Challenge, system issues system evaluation, Other biometricmethodsofidentificationirisscan,retinalscan.,Cheiloscopy,palatoprints,earprintsetc.inforensicandothersciences.,Importanceofporoscopy,ridgeology/edgeoscopy,AnintroductiontoUIDAadhaaranditssignificance, ScopeofresearchonDNAfromfingerprintresidues

2.  E.RolandMenzel;FingerprintDetectionwithLasers,2ndEd.,MarcelDekker,Inc.USA(1999)

3.      JASeigel,P.JSaukooandGCKnupfer;EncyclopediaofForensicSciencesVol.I,IIandIII,Acad.Press2000.

4.      Menzel,ERoland;Fingerprintdetectionwithlasers,MarcelDekker,NY(1999)

2.        BridgesBC;CriminalInvestigation,Practicalfingerprinting,ThumbImpressions,HandwritingexperttestimonyopinionEvidence,UniversityBookAgency,Allahabad2000.

3.      Maltoni,Davide;Handbookoffingerprintrecognition,SpringerVerlag,NY,2003

4.      RathaNalini;AutomaticFingerprintrecognitionsystem,SpringerPub.,NY,2004.

5.  DaluzMosesHillary,FundamentalsofFingerprintAnalysis,Taylor&Francisgroup,2015.

6.  JohariK.C.,ForensicScienceIdentification ofFingerprints(1^stedition),AsianLawHouse,2018.

7.  RamachandranR.,Scientifictechniquesincriminalinvestigation(2^ndedition),KamalPublishers,2021.

8.                         RobinsonM.Edward,CrimescenePhotography(2^ndedition),Academicpress,2010.

CIA1: Assignment/test/poster preparation/review writing etc. for 20 marks 

CIA2: MID SEMESTER EXAMINATION for 50 marks

CIA3: Assignment/test/poster preparation/review writing etc. for 20 marks

Attendance in class: 10 marks

End semester examination : 100 Marks

This course will help to Determine morphological structure of hair and its examination,  experiments on Skelton remnants to study age and gender determination of gender and age from  long bones to identify the age and gender from teeth. 

1. Somatoscopic measurements of living Individuals like hair color, eye color, facial form nose  shape, lips shape etc.

2. Craniometric measurements of skull 

3. Identification of human bones and determination of their sides. 

4. Determination of age and gender from skull 

5. Stature estimation from long bones. 

6. Determination of gender from Pelvis

7. Application of basic software in anthropological data like demography and genetic data.

8. Representation of population data, data mining.

9. Determination of age and gender from teeth. 

10. Identification of an individual based on morphological features of teeth.

11. Comparison and Identification of Individuals from bite marks. 

12. Estimation of age from the teeth. 

13. Bite marks identification on different surfaces 

a. Living subject  

b. Maxilla & mandible 

14. Examination of 3D photographs for Bite marks. 

15. DNA profiling from tooth/ burnt tooth.

2. Pickering, R. & Bachman D; The use of Forensic Anthropology, CRC Press, Costa Rica,  2009.

3. Shubhra, G; Introduction to forensic examination, Selective Scientific Books, New Delhi,  2008

4. Michael, W. Haney, H.A. &Freas L.E; The Forensic Anthropology Laboratory, CRC  Press, 2008.

6.Butler M. John, Fundamentals of Forensic DNA Typing, Academic Press, 2010. 7.Reddy Narayan S.K., The Synopsis of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology (29th edition),  Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers, 2017.

8.Burns Ramey Karen, Forensic Anthropology Training Manual (3rd edition), Pearson,  2013.

CIA:

●     CIA 1: 10%

●     CIA 2 (Mid Semester Examination): 25% (50 marks)

●     CIA 3: 10%

●     Attendance: 5%

CIA total: 50%

End Semester examination: 50% (100 marks)

This course will help developing an understanding of examination various blood grouping tests,  experiments on electrophoresis of red cell isozymes, DNA Extraction from biological samples  using advanced methods, to understand and implement various bioinformatics tools

1. Determination of species of origin from blood, semen and saliva.

2. ABO grouping of bloodstains by absorption elution, absorption inhibition and mixed  agglutination techniques. 

3. ABO grouping from hair root 

4. Rh grouping of bloodstains 

5. MN grouping of blood stains

6. Determination of secretor status from saliva by inhibition techniques. 

7. Experiments on electrophoresis of red cell isozymes viz. PGM, GLO, EsD, EAP, ADA, AK. 

8. Experiments on electrophoresis of serum proteins Hp, Tf, C3, Bf, Gc etc.

9. Menstrual blood and its examination by microscopic and electrophoretic methods. 

10. Faecal stains: chemical and microscopical examination, testing of urine and sweat. 

11. Examination of saliva and its stains: microscopical and chemical tests. 

12. Examination of blood stains: physical and chemical tests; spectroscopic examination. 

13. Examination of seminal stains: crystal tests, chemical, biochemical, microscopical and electro immuno diffusion test

2.   Singh,Yashpal;“DNATestsinCriminalInvestigationTrial&PaternityDisputes”,AliaLawAgency,2006.

3.  Vij,Krishan;“BasicsofDNAandEvidentiaryIssues”,JaypeeBrothers,2004.

4.  J.M.Butler;“ForensicDNATyping”,ElsevierAcademicPress,2005.

5.   S.C.Rastogi,N.Mendiratta&P.Rastogi;“Bio-informatics–MethodsandApplications”,PHIlearningPvt.Ltd.,2009.

3.  JMClaverieandCedricNotedame;“Bioinformatics–ABeginner’sGuide”,WileyPublications,2008.

4.  JPBaride,A.P.Kulkarni&R.D.Mazumdar;“ManualofBiostatistics”,JaypeePublications,2003.

5.      J.ThomasMcclintock;“ForensicDNAAnalysis”,LewisPublications,2008.

6.       P.S.S Sundar RaoandJ.Richard;“IntroductiontoBiostatisticsand ResearchMethods”, 5thEdition,2012.

7.      ButlerM.John,FundamentalsofForensicDNATyping,AcademicPress,2010.

8.         ElenaPilli,AndreaBertiForensicDNAAnalysisTechnologicalDevelopmentandInnovativeApplications,Routledge TaylorandFrancis,2021.

Viva (Serology, DNA profiling and Bioinformatics together                                              (10 Marks)

Serology                                                                                                                      (45 Marks)

1.    To determine the presence of blood/saliva/Urine in the given biological sample by Chemical test followed by microcrystal test.  (Principle – 2+2m, Procedure – 2+2 m, Materials Required 1+1 Marks, Result- 3+3m)                                                        16 Marks

2.    To determine the presence of semen in the given unknown biological sample by microcrystal test.        (Principle – 2m, Procedure – 2 m, Materials Required 1 Mark, Result- 5m)                                                                                                        10 Marks

3.    Identify the presence of Fecal stains/Menstrual stains in the given sample   7 marks

(Principle: 2 marks, Procedure: 2 marks, Results and observation: 3 marks)

4.    Identify the following spotters and comment on them.

5.    ((Identification 1 Mark, Comment 2 Marks )                                           (2 X 3 Marks=06 Marks)

6.    Logical Reasoning                                                                        (2 X 3 Marks=06 Marks)

CIA:

●     CIA 1: 10%

●     CIA 2 (Mid Semester Examination): 25% (50 marks)

●     CIA 3: 10%

●     Attendance: 5%

CIA total: 50%

End Semester examination: 50% (100 marks)

The main objective of this course is the awareness and understanding of students in the field of research, by learning the latest technologies in solving a research problem

NA

This course shall enable students to perform internships in industry and external academic institutes. Students will get awareness of career opportunities in the related field

NA